Download PDFOpen PDF in browser4D Printing: Design and Manufacturing of Shape-Changing Smart MaterialsEasyChair Preprint 1421320 pages•Date: July 29, 2024Abstract4D printing represents an emerging technology that combines 3D printing with smart materials to create objects capable of changing shape, properties, or functionalities over time when exposed to external stimuli. This innovative approach enables the fabrication of dynamic structures and devices that can respond to environmental changes such as temperature, light, humidity, or magnetic fields. The design and manufacturing processes involve the careful selection and programming of materials with specific responsive behaviors, often using stimuli-responsive polymers, hydrogels, or shape-memory alloys. By integrating these materials into multi-material 3D printing, it is possible to achieve complex transformations and self-assembly mechanisms. Keyphrases: 4D printing, Design and Manufacturing, shape-changing, smart materials
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